CPM S60V, historically known as CPM 440V, is a high-alloy stainless steel produced by Crucible Industries using their proprietary Crucible Particle Metallurgy (CPM) process. First introduced in the late 20th century, CPM S60V rapidly attracted attention among knife enthusiasts for its excellent wear resistance and strong corrosion-resistant properties. Although it may be overshadowed by newer “super steels” in modern lineups, CPM S60V remains relevant in niche applications and among aficionados who appreciate its very good edge retention and resilient stainless performance. Its success also laid the groundwork for future innovations in Crucible’s CPM series—proving that powder metallurgy could create steels with a remarkable balance of hardness, toughness, and overall consistency.
Typical chemical composition of CPM S60V is as follows (all values approximate):
Each element plays a key part in CPM S60V’s final characteristics:
Crucible Particle Metallurgy (CPM)
The CPM process involves atomizing molten steel into fine powder and consolidating those particles through high-temperature, high-pressure methods. Compared to traditional ingot casting, CPM yields a more uniform microstructure with finer, more evenly distributed carbides. This improves toughness and consistency during forging and finishing.
Like many high-end stainless steels, CPM S60V can be forged hot or cold, though hot forging is more common due to the steel’s high carbide content.
Common Pitfalls:
The high volume of carbides in CPM S60V resists deformation, so insufficient or improper heating can lead to microcracks. Strict temperature regulation and controlled cooling (stress relief) are vital.
Heat treatment is central to unlocking CPM S60V’s full potential. Its high vanadium carbide content requires careful temperature management for optimal hardness, toughness, and carbide distribution.
Austenitizing
Quenching
Tempering
Below is a simplified table illustrating possible outcomes:
| Austenitizing Temp (°F) | Tempering Range (°F) | Approx. Hardness (HRC) |
|---|---|---|
| 1900 | 400–500 | 58–59 |
| 2000 | 400–500 | 60–61 |
| 2100 | 400–500 | 61+ |
(These values may vary based on soak times, equipment, and additional treatments.)
CPM S30V vs. CPM S60V:
CPM S60V has higher carbon and vanadium content, thus offering greater wear resistance but being slightly more difficult to sharpen. CPM S30V balances easier sharpenability with solid all-around performance.
CPM S90V vs. CPM S60V:
CPM S90V has even higher levels of vanadium, further boosting wear resistance but making sharpening more demanding. CPM S60V sits between S30V and S90V in overall edge-holding vs. sharpenability.
AEB-L vs. CPM S60V:
AEB-L is known for outstanding toughness and a super-fine grain, making it more forgiving to sharpen. However, CPM S60V far outperforms AEB-L in terms of wear resistance and long-term edge holding, reflecting its high vanadium carbide volume.
Although CPM S60V is highly corrosion-resistant, following standard knife-care routines will preserve its performance:
Because of its high chromium content, patina formation is rare. Most discolorations are surface-level and can typically be polished away.
CPM S60V (CPM 440V) once stood at the top-tier of stainless steels. Although superseded in popularity by newer steels like CPM S35VN, CPM S45VN, and CPM S90V, it remains a prime option for those emphasizing wear resistance and corrosion protection.
Historically, several production and custom knife makers have offered models in CPM S60V:
Production runs are less common nowadays, though you may still find specialty or custom offerings that showcase CPM S60V’s longevity and performance.
Over the decades, CPM S60V has played a pivotal role in demonstrating the advantages of powder metallurgy for advanced stainless knife steels. Its high carbon and vanadium content deliver exceptional wear resistance, while its elevated chromium percentage ensures excellent corrosion resistance. Although its toughness is modest compared to some lower-carbon steels, CPM S60V is entirely capable within its intended scope—prolonged cutting tasks and well-maintained EDC or hunting applications.
From a bladesmithing perspective, its high carbide volume demands exacting processes in forging and heat treating, as well as careful temperature management. The emerging result is a blade that offers extended edge retention, reliable stainless performance, and a storied position in the lineage of Crucible’s CPM steels.
Is CPM S60V difficult to sharpen?
It can be more challenging than simpler steels due to its high volume of vanadium carbides. Using diamond or ceramic abrasives greatly simplifies the process.
Does CPM S60V rust easily?
No. With around 17–19% chromium, it provides excellent rust resistance, though basic cleaning and drying are still advised.
How does CPM S60V compare to CPM S90V in edge retention?
CPM S90V has a higher vanadium content and can hold an edge slightly longer but is also more difficult to sharpen. CPM S60V offers a middle ground in terms of wear resistance vs. ease of maintenance.
Is forging CPM S60V recommended for beginners?
Generally, no. Its high carbide content demands strict temperature control and stress management. Many makers prefer stock-removal methods or recommend simpler stainless steels for those new to forging.
Maintaining the right balance of knowledge, technique, and care when working with CPM S60V can produce a knife that stands the test of time—both in terms of performance and historical significance.
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